Biosynthesis of cyclopropane in natural products.
Natural product reports
Covering: 2012 to 2021Cyclopropane attracts wide interests in the fields of synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry, and chemical biology because of its unique structural and chemical properties. This structural motif is widespread in natural products, and is usually essential for biological activities. Nature has evolved diverse strategies to access this structural motif, and increasing knowledge of the enzymes forming cyclopropane (, cyclopropanases) has been revealed over the last two decades. Here, the scientific literature from the last two decades relating to cyclopropane biosynthesis is summarized, and the enzymatic cyclopropanations, according to reaction mechanism, which can be grouped into two major pathways according to whether the reaction involves an exogenous C1 unit from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) or not, is discussed. The reactions can further be classified based on the key intermediates required prior to cyclopropane formation, which can be carbocations, carbanions, or carbon radicals. Besides the general biosynthetic pathways of the cyclopropane-containing natural products, particular emphasis is placed on the mechanism and engineering of the enzymes required for forming this unique structure motif.
10.1039/d1np00065a
A Potent Antifungal Agent for Basal Stem Rot Disease Treatment in Oil Palms Based on Chitosan-Dazomet Nanoparticles.
Maluin Farhatun Najat,Hussein Mohd Zobir,Yusof Nor Azah,Fakurazi Sharida,Idris Abu Seman,Hilmi Nur Hailini Zainol,Jeffery Daim Leona Daniela
International journal of molecular sciences
The use of nanotechnology could play a significant role in the agriculture sector, especially in the preparation of new-generation agronanochemicals. Currently, the economically important plant of Malaysia, the oil palm, faces the threat of a devastating disease which is particularly caused by a pathogenic fungus, For the development of an effective antifungal agent, a series of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with a fumigant, dazomet, were prepared using various concentrations of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP)-2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/mL, abbreviated as CDEN2.5, CDEN5, CDEN10, and CDEN20, respectively. The effect of TPP as a crosslinking agent on the resulting particle size of the synthesized nanoparticles was investigated using a particle size analyzer and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Both methods confirmed that increasing the TPP concentration resulted in smaller particles. In addition, in vitro fumigant release at pH 5.5 showed that the release of the fumigant from the nanoparticles was of a sustained manner, with a prolonged release time up to 24 h. Furthermore, the relationship between the chitosan-dazomet nanoparticles and the in vitro antifungal activity against was also explored, where the nanoparticles of the smallest size, CDEN20, gave the highest antifungal efficacy with the lowest half maximum effective concentration (EC) value of 13.7 ± 1.76 ppb. This indicates that the smaller-sized agronanoparticles were more effective as an antifungal agent. The size can be altered, which plays a crucial role in combatting the disease. The agronanoparticles have controlled release properties and high antifungal efficacy on , thus making them a promising candidate to be applied in the field for treatment.
10.3390/ijms20092247
Antifungal Effects and Potential Mechanism of Essential Oils on In Vitro and In Vivo.
Wang Dan,Zhang Jing,Jia Xiaoman,Xin Li,Zhai Hao
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
The development of natural essential oil as an alternative to synthetic chemicals in the control of postharvest decay is currently in the spotlight. In the present study, the efficacy of seven essential oils in suppressing identified from sweet cherry was evaluated in vitro and clove oil was proved to be the most promising inhibitor. Thus, the antifungal properties and potential mechanisms of clove oil in vitro and in vivo by fumigation and contact treatments were intensively investigated. For , the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of clove oil in air and contact phase were 80 and 300 μL/L in vitro testing, respectively. Based on the radial growth of mycelium in medium, the fumgitoxic ability of essential oil was observed in a dose-dependent manner, which was not as dramatic as that under in vivo conditions. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of exposed to clove oil exhibited obviously deleterious morphological and ultrastructural alterations confirming the disruption of fungal cell wall and endomembrane system, which resulted in increasing in permeability and causing the loss of intracellular constituents. In future, essential oils, combined with nano-emulsification approaches, could be good candidates as safe and effective antifungal agents for fungal spoilage of fresh commodities.
10.3390/molecules24183386
Microbial Pyrrolnitrin: Natural Metabolite with Immense Practical Utility.
Biomolecules
Pyrrolnitrin (PRN) is a microbial pyrrole halometabolite of immense antimicrobial significance for agricultural, pharmaceutical and industrial implications. The compound and its derivatives have been isolated from rhizospheric fluorescent or non-fluorescent pseudomonads, and . They are known to confer biological control against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi, and thus offer strong plant protection prospects against soil and seed-borne phytopathogenic diseases. Although chemical synthesis of PRN has been obtained using different steps, microbial production is still the most useful option for producing this metabolite. In many of the plant-associated isolates of and , production of PRN is dependent on the quorum-sensing regulation that usually involves N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) autoinducer signals. When applied on the organisms as antimicrobial agent, the molecule impedes synthesis of key biomolecules (DNA, RNA and protein), uncouples with oxidative phosphorylation, inhibits mitotic division and hampers several biological mechanisms. With its potential broad-spectrum activities, low phototoxicity, non-toxic nature and specificity for impacts on non-target organisms, the metabolite has emerged as a lead molecule of industrial importance, which has led to developing cost-effective methods for the biosynthesis of PRN using microbial fermentation. Quantum of work narrating focused research efforts in the emergence of this potential microbial metabolite is summarized here to present a consolidated, sequential and updated insight into the chemistry, biology and applicability of this natural molecule.
10.3390/biom9090443
Antibacterial and Antifungal Studies of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles against Plant Parasitic Nematode Plant Pathogens and .
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
The possibility of using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to enhance the plants growth, crop production, and control of plant diseases is currently being researched. One of the most effective approaches for the production of AgNPs is green synthesis. Herein, we report a green and phytogenic synthesis of AgNPs by using aqueous extract of strawberry waste (solid waste after fruit juice extraction) as a novel bioresource, which is a non-hazardous and inexpensive that can act as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent. Successful biosynthesis of AgNPs was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy showing a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at ~415 nm. The X-ray diffraction studies confirm the face-centered cubic crystalline AgNPs. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques confirm the rectangular shape with an average size of ~55 nm. The antibacterial and antifungal efficacy and inhibitory impact of the biosynthesized AgNPs were tested against nematode, , plant pathogenic bacterium, and fungus, . These results confirm that biosynthesized AgNPs can significantly control these plant pathogens.
10.3390/molecules26092462
Structural and Studies on Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase from Pathogenic Fungi Provide Insights into Its Catalytic Mechanism, Biological Necessity, and Potential for Novel Antifungal Drug Design.
Miao Yi,Tenor Jennifer L,Toffaletti Dena L,Maskarinec Stacey A,Liu Jiuyu,Lee Richard E,Perfect John R,Brennan Richard G
mBio
The disaccharide trehalose is critical to the survival of pathogenic fungi in their human host. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (Tps1) catalyzes the first step of trehalose biosynthesis in fungi. Here, we report the first structures of eukaryotic Tps1s in complex with substrates or substrate analogues. The overall structures of Tps1 from and are essentially identical and reveal N- and C-terminal Rossmann fold domains that form the glucose-6-phosphate and UDP-glucose substrate binding sites, respectively. These Tps1 structures with substrates or substrate analogues reveal key residues involved in recognition and catalysis. Disruption of these key residues severely impaired Tps1 enzymatic activity. Subsequent cellular analyses also highlight the enzymatic function of Tps1 in thermotolerance, yeast-hypha transition, and biofilm development. These results suggest that Tps1 enzymatic functionality is essential for the fungal stress response and virulence. Furthermore, structures of Tps1 in complex with the nonhydrolyzable inhibitor, validoxylamine A, visualize the transition state and support an internal return-like catalytic mechanism that is generalizable to other GT-B-fold retaining glycosyltransferases. Collectively, our results depict key Tps1-substrate interactions, unveil the enzymatic mechanism of these fungal proteins, and pave the way for high-throughput inhibitor screening buttressed and guided by the current structures and those of high-affinity ligand-Tps1 complexes. Invasive fungal diseases have emerged as major threats, resulting in more than 1.5 million deaths annually worldwide. This epidemic has been further complicated by increasing resistance to all major classes of antifungal drugs in the clinic. Trehalose biosynthesis is essential for the fungal stress response and virulence. Critically, this biosynthetic pathway is absent in mammals, and thus, the two enzymes that carry out trehalose biosynthesis, namely, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (Tps1) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (Tps2), are prominent targets for antifungal intervention. Here, we report the first eukaryotic Tps1 structures from the pathogenic fungi and in complex with substrates, substrate analogues, and inhibitors. These structures reveal key protein-substrate interactions, providing atomic-level scaffolds for structure-guided drug design of novel antifungals that target Tps1.
10.1128/mBio.00643-17
Antifungal Agents in Wood Protection-A Review.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
The biodegradation of wood and wood products caused by fungi is recognized as one of the most significant problems worldwide. To extend the service life of wood products, wood is treated with preservatives, often with inorganic compounds or synthetic pesticides that have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, the development of new, environmentally friendly wood preservatives is being carried out in research centers around the world. The search for natural, plant, or animal derivatives as well as obtaining synthetic compounds that will be safe for humans and do not pollute the environment, while at the same time present biological activity is crucial in terms of environmental protection. The review paper presents information in the literature on the substances and chemical compounds of natural origin (plant and animal derivatives) and synthetic compounds with a low environmental impact, showing antifungal properties, used in research on the ecological protection of wood. The review includes literature reports on the potential application of various antifungal agents including plant extracts, alkaloids, essential oils and their components, propolis extract, chitosan, ionic liquids, silicon compounds, and nanoparticles as well as their combinations.
10.3390/molecules27196392
Synthesis of Lactam-Bridged and Lipidated Cyclo-Peptides as Promising Anti-Phytopathogenic Agents.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
Antimicrobial resistance to conventional antibiotics and the limited alternatives to combat plant-threatening pathogens are worldwide problems. Antibiotic lipopeptides exert remarkable membrane activity, which usually is not prone to fast resistance formation, and often show organism-type selectivity. Additional modes of action commonly complement the bioactivity profiles of such compounds. The present work describes a multicomponent-based methodology for the synthesis of cyclic polycationic lipopeptides with stabilized helical structures. The protocol comprises an on solid support Ugi-4-component macrocyclization in the presence of a lipidic isocyanide. Circular dichroism was employed to study the influence of both macrocyclization and lipidation on the amphiphilic helical structure in water and micellar media. First bioactivity studies against model phytopathogens demonstrated a positive effect of the lipidation on the antimicrobial activity.
10.3390/molecules25040811
Biocontrol of Peach Gummosis by KTA01 and Its Antifungal Mechanism.
Journal of microbiology and biotechnology
Peach tree gummosis is a botanical anomaly distinguished by the secretion of dark-brown gum from the shoots of peach trees, and has been identified as one of the fungal species responsible for its occurrence. In South Korea, approximately 80% of gummosis cases are linked to infections caused by . In this study, we isolated microbes from the soil surrounding peach trees exhibiting antifungal activity against . Subsequently, we identified several bacterial strains as potential candidates for a biocontrol agent. Among them, KTA01 displayed the most robust antifungal activity and was therefore selected for further analysis. To investigate the antifungal mechanism of KTA01, we performed tests to assess cell wall degradation and siderophore production. Additionally, we conducted reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis based on whole-genome sequencing to confirm the presence of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of lipopeptide compounds, a well-known characteristic of spp., and to compare gene expression levels. Moreover, we extracted lipopeptide compounds using methanol and subjected them to both antifungal activity testing and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The experimental findings presented in this study unequivocally demonstrate the promising potential of KTA01 as a biocontrol agent against KACC45481, the pathogen responsible for causing peach tree gummosis.
10.4014/jmb.2310.10005
Bioactive antifungal metabolites produced by Streptomyces amritsarensis V31 help to control diverse phytopathogenic fungi.
Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]
Actinomycetes due to their unique repertoire of antimicrobial secondary metabolites can be an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to agrochemicals to control plant pathogens. In the present study, antifungal activity of twenty different actinomycetes was evaluated via dual culture plate assay against six different phytopathogens, viz., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Sarocladium oryzae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Rhizoctonia solani. Two potential isolates, Streptomyces amritsarensis V31 and Kribella karoonensis MSCA185 showing high antifungal activity against all six fungal pathogens, were further evaluated after extraction of bioactive metabolites in different solvents. Metabolite extracted from S. amritsarensis V31 in different solvents inhibited Rhizoctonia solani (7.5-65%), Alternaria alternata (5.5-52.7%), Aspergillus flavus (8-30.7%), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (25-44%), Sarocladium oryzae (11-55.5%), and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (29.7-40.5%); 1000 D diluted methanolic extract of S. amritsarensis V31 showed growth inhibition against R. solani (23.3%), A. flavus (7.7%), F. oxysporum (22.2%), S. oryzae (16.7%), and S. sclerotiorum (19.0%). Metabolite extracts of S. amritsarensis V31 significantly reduced the incidence of rice sheath blight both as preventive and curative sprays. Chemical profiling of the metabolites in DMSO extract of S. amritsarensis V31 revealed 6-amino-5-nitrosopyrimidine-2,4-diol as the predominant compound present. It was evident from the LC-MS analyses that S. amritsarensis V31 produced a mixture of potential antifungal compounds which inhibited the growth of different phytopathogenic fungi. The results of this study indicated that metabolite extracts of S. amritsarensis V31 can be exploited as a bio-fungicide to control phytopathogenic fungi.
10.1007/s42770-021-00625-w
Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Circular Economy: Chemical Profile and Activity against Filamentous Fungi and Dermatophytes.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
Fungal infections represent a relevant issue in agri-food and biomedical fields because they could compromise quality of food and humans' health. Natural extracts represent a safe alternative to synthetic fungicides and in the green chemistry and circular economy scenario, agro-industrial wastes and by-products offer an eco-friendly source of bioactive natural compounds. In this paper, phenolic-rich extracts from L. de-oiled pomace, Mill. wood, L. peel, and L. pomace and seeds were characterized by HPLC-MS-DAD analysis. Finally, these extracts were tested as antimicrobial agents against pathogenic filamentous fungi and dermatophytes such as , sp., , and . The experimental results evidenced that all extracts exhibited a significant growth inhibition for . L., Mill., and L. extracts showed a high activity against sp. and . These data are promising for the potential applications of some of these extracts as antifungal agents in the food and biomedical fields.
10.3390/molecules28114374
Identification of Sesamin from as a Potent Antifungal Agent Using an Integrated in Silico and Biological Screening Platform.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
Due to the limited availability of antifungal drugs, their relevant side effects and considering the insurgence of drug-resistant strains, novel antifungal agents are urgently needed. To identify such agents, we have developed an integrated computational and biological screening platform. We have considered a promising drug target in antifungal drug discovery (-1,3-β-glucanase) and a phytochemical library composed of bioactive natural products was used. These products were computationally screened against the selected target using molecular docking and molecular dynamics techniques along with the evaluation of drug-like profile. We selected sesamin as the most promising phytochemical endowed with a potential antifungal profile and satisfactory drug-like properties. Sesamin was submitted to a preliminary biological evaluation to test its capability to inhibit the growth of several species by calculating the MIC/MFC and conducting synergistic experiments with the marketed drug fluconazole. Following the screening protocol, we identified sesamin as a potential -1,3-β-glucanase inhibitor, with relevant potency in inhibiting the growth of species in a dose-dependent manner (MIC and MFC of 16 and 32 µg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, the combination of sesamin with fluconazole highlighted relevant synergistic effects. The described screening protocol revealed the natural product sesamin as a potential novel antifungal agent, showing an interesting predicted pharmacological profile, paving the way to the development of innovative therapeutics against fungal infections. Notably, our screening protocol can be helpful in antifungal drug discovery.
10.3390/molecules28124658
Antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles against Candida albicans: A systematic review protocol.
PloS one
INTRODUCTION:Denture-induced stomatitis is one form of candidiasis. It is characterised as inflammation and erythema of the oral mucosa underneath the denture-bearing areas and clinically classified into three types according to severity. Denture hygiene, appropriate mouth rinses and the use of antifungal therapy are commonly used to treat the condition, but new technologies are emerging that may assist in its treatment. AIM:The aim of this systematic review is to determine if silver nanoparticles inhibit the growth of Candida Albicans when included in acrylic dentures and in different denture liners. METHODOLOGY:A protocol was developed and published on PROSPERO (Registration No: CRD42019145542) and with the institutional ethics committee (Registration No: BM20/4/1). The protocol includes all aspects of a systematic review namely: selection criteria, search strategy, selection methods using predetermined eligibility criteria, data collection, data extraction, critical appraisal of included studies, and the intended statistical analyses such as calculating risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and presented at 95% confidence intervals, a meta-analysis, if possible or a narrative report as needed. EXPECTED RESULTS:With rigorous inclusion criteria set and databases identified for searching, appropriate clinical and laboratory studies may be obtained but the results and its interpretation and translation into clinical practice may be a challenge as these depend on the quality of the research.
10.1371/journal.pone.0245811
Oleanane-Type Triterpene Conjugates with 1-1,2,3-Triazole Possessing of Fungicidal Activity.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
The triazole pesticide is an organic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound with a 1,2,3-Triazole ring. In order to develop a potential glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (GlmS) inhibitor bactericide, 18 triazole-derivative compounds were synthesized efficiently. In addition, these compounds have not been reported in the literature. The structure was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The potential use of the most promising derivatives has been investigated by testing their antifungal activity and enzyme inhibitory activity, revealing inhibitory activities in the low micromolar range. Among them, the antifungal effects of compounds , , , , , and on were particularly significant, all of which were above 83%. These compounds will be further investigated as potential antifungal lead compounds. Their structure-activity relationships are discussed based on the effects of substituted phenyl groups on compounds.
10.3390/molecules27154928
Antifungal, Antibacterial, and Cytotoxic Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Aqueous Extracts of Mace-Arils of .
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
In the present study, mace-mediated silver nanoparticles (mace-AgNPs) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated against an array of pathogenic microorganisms. Mace, the arils of , are a rich source of several bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and aromatic compounds. During nano synthesis, the bioactive compounds in mace aqueous extracts serve as excellent bio reductants, stabilizers, and capping agents. The UV-VIS spectroscopy of the synthesized NPs showed an intense and broad SPR absorption peak at 456 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed the size with a Z average of 50 nm, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies depicted the round shape and small size of the NPs, which ranged between 5-28 nm. The peaks related to important functional groups, such as phenols, alcohols, carbonyl groups, amides, alkanes and alkenes, were obtained on a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum. The peak at 3 keV on the energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDX) validated the presence of silver (Ag). Mace-silver nanoparticles exhibited potent antifungal and antibacterial activity against several pathogenic microorganisms. Additionally, the synthesized mace-AgNPs displayed an excellent cytotoxic effect against the human cervical cancer cell line. The mace-AgNPs demonstrated robust antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activity, indicating that the mace-AgNPs might be used in the agrochemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, and biomedical applications. However, future studies to understand its mode of action are needed.
10.3390/molecules26247709
Preparation and characterization of a novel green tea essential oil nanoemulsion and its antifungal mechanism of action against Magnaporthae oryzae.
Ultrasonics sonochemistry
Blast is one of the most devastating fungal diseases of rice caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. Plant essential oil (EO) can function as antifungal agents and are regarded as a safe and acceptable method for plant disease control. However, EOs are unstable and hydrophobic, which limits its use. In the present study, we aimed for the preparation and characterization of a nanoemulsion (NE) from green tea essential oil (GTO) by ultrasonication method and determined the antifungal activity of NE onM. oryzae. The particle size and zeta potential of the NE were 86.98 nm and -15.1 mV, respectively. The chemical composition and functional groups of GTO and NE were studied by using GC-MS analysis, portable Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR coupled with chemometric analysis. GC-MS analysis showed the major components in GTO and NE were n-Hexyl cinnamaldehyde and L-α-Terpineol. Both GTO and NE showed good antioxidant activity and total phenol content. Moreover, the NE showed good antifungal activity againstM. oryzae which was further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination. Also, confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (CRM) revealed the antifungal mechanism of GTO and NE on M. oryzae which proves the cell damage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the antifungal activity of GTO and NE against M. oryzae and also the use of CRM for the evaluation of the chemical changes in single fungal hyphae in a holistic approach. This study suggests that the prepared NE could be a potential candidate for use as a substitute for synthetic fungicides.
10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105649
Novel Pyridyl-Oxazole Carboxamides: Toxicity Assay Determination in Fungi and Zebrafish Embryos.
Chen Shu,Zhang Dong-Lin,Ren Chao-Li,Zou Wen-Qian,Tian Xiao-Yu,Du Xiao-Hua,Tan Cheng-Xia
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
Eight novel pyridyl-oxazole carboxamides were evaluated against fungi and displayed good fungicidal activities against and . Preliminary bioassay results indicated that at 100 mg/L, compounds -, and exhibited 100% fungicidal activities against , and the compound to at 100%. Then, the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity test was performed to assess the toxicity of and . A series of malformations appeared, when the zebrafish embryos were exposed to and , such as delayed yolk sac resorption, significant shortening of body length, pericardial edema, bending spine, lack of melanin, heart hemorrhage, head hemorrhage, delayed swim sac development, yolk malformation and head malformation. In addition, the acute toxicity of to zebrafish embryo is 4.878 mg/L, and is 6.257 mg/L.
10.3390/molecules26133883
Natural Products from Medicinal Plants against Phytopathogenic Species: Current Research Endeavours, Challenges and Prospects.
Seepe Hlabana A,Nxumalo Winston,Amoo Stephen O
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
Many species are pathogenic, causing crop diseases during crop production and spoilage of agricultural products in both commercial and smallholder farming. attack often results into food contamination, yield loss and increases in food insecurity and food prices. Synthetic fungicides have been used as a control strategy for the management of crop diseases caused by pathogens. The negative effects associated with application of many synthetic pesticides has necessitated the need to search for alternative control strategies that are affordable and environmentally safe. Research on medicinal plants as control agents for pathogens has received attention since plants are readily available and they contain wide variety of secondary metabolites that are biodegradable. The activities of solvent extracts, essential oils and compounds from medicinal plants have been tested against phytopathogenic species. A summary of recent information on antifungal activity of plants against species is valuable for the development of biopesticides. This paper reviews the antifungal research conducted on medicinal plants against pathogens, over a 10-year period, from January 2012 to May 2021. We also highlight the challenges and opportunities of using natural products from medicinal plants in crop protection. Several databases (Science Direct and Web of Science) were used to obtain information on botanical products used to control diseases on crops. Keywords search used included natural products, antifungal, , crops diseases, phytopathogenic, natural compounds and essential oil.
10.3390/molecules26216539
Anti-Biofilm Activity of Cocultimycin A against .
International journal of molecular sciences
(), the most common fungal pathogen, has the ability to form a biofilm, leading to enhanced virulence and antibiotic resistance. Cocultimycin A, a novel antifungal antibiotic isolated from the co-culture of two marine fungi, exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on planktonic cells. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-biofilm activity of cocultimycin A against and explore its underlying mechanism. Crystal violet staining showed that cocultimycin A remarkably inhibited biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner and disrupted mature biofilms at higher concentrations. However, the metabolic activity of mature biofilms treated with lower concentrations of cocultimycin A significantly decreased when using the XTT reduction method. Cocultimycin A could inhibit yeast-to-hypha transition and mycelium formation of colonies, which was observed through the use of a light microscope. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that biofilms treated with cocultimycin A were disrupted, yeast cells increased, and hypha cells decreased and significantly shortened. The adhesive ability of cells treated with cocultimycin A to the medium and HOEC cells significantly decreased. Through the use of a qRT-PCR assay, the expression of multiple genes related to adhesion, hyphal formation and cell membrane changes in relation to biofilm cells treated with cocultimycin A. All these results suggested that cocultimycin A may be considered a potential novel molecule for treating and preventing biofilm-related infections.
10.3390/ijms242317026
Biodegradable and Biocompatible Silatrane Polymers.
Istratov Vladislav V,Vasnev Valerii A,Markova Galy D
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
In this study, new biodegradable and biocompatible amphiphilic polymers were obtained by modifying the peripheral hydroxyl groups of branched polyethers and polyesters with organosilicon substituents. The structures of the synthesized polymers were confirmed by NMR and GPC. Organosilicon moieties of the polymers were formed by silatranes and trimethylsilyl blocks and displayed hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, respectively. The effect of the ratio of hydrophilic to hydrophobic organosilicon structures on the surface activity and biological activity of macromolecules was studied, together with the effect on these activities of the macromolecules' molecular weight and chemical structure. In particular, the critical micelle concentrations were determined, the effect of the structure of the polymers on their wetting with aqueous solutions on glass and parafilm was described, and the aggregation stability of emulsions was studied. Finally, the effect of the polymer structures on their antifungal activity and seed germination stimulation was examined.
10.3390/molecules26071893