Fast repairing of oxidized OH radical adducts of dAMP and dGMP by phenylpropanoid glycosides from Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.
Li Y M,Han Z H,Jiang S H,Jiang Y,Yao S D,Zhu D Y
Acta pharmacologica Sinica
AIM:To investigate the antioxidative activity of the constituents of the roots of Scrophularia ningpoensis (Chinese name: Xuanshen). METHODS:The main compounds from the roots of Scrophularia ningpoensis were isolated and identified by chromatography and FABMS, NMR etc. Using the techniques of pulse radiolysis, the electron transfers from iridoid glycosides (IG) or phenylpropanoid glycosides (PG) to oxidized OH radical adducts of 2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate acid (dAMP) or 2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphate acid (dGMP) were observed. RESULTS:Two IG: harpagoside and harpagide, two PG: angoroside C and acteoside were obtained as the main hydrophilic constituents of the plant. At 0.1 mmol/L concentration, angoroside C and acteoside were able to repair the oxidized OH adducts dAMP and dGMP significantly. However, harpagoside and harpagide had no such effect. The electron transfer rate constants of angoroside C with dAMP and dGMP were 4.2 x 10(8) and 10.3 x 10(8) L.mol-1.s-1; the electron transfer rate constants of acteoside with dAMP and dGMP were 5.3 x 10(8) and 20.2 x 10(8) L.mol-1.s-1. CONCLUSION:PG from Scrophularia ningpoensis have a potent antioxidative activity for reducing of the oxidized OH adducts of dAMP and dGMP.
Hepatoprotective phenylpropanoids from Scrophularia buergeriana roots against CCl(4)-induced toxicity: action mechanism and structure-activity relationship.
Lee Eun Ju,Kim So Ra,Kim Jinwoong,Kim Young Choong
Planta medica
Phenylpropanoids isolated from the roots of Scrophularia buergeriana MIQ. (Scrophulariaceae) protected primary cultures of rat hepatocytes from toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4) ). In this report, we show that two of these phenylpropanoids, 4-O-E- p-methoxycinnamoyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside ester ( 1) and p-methoxycinnamic acid ( 3) have significant hepatoprotective activity; another phenylpropanoid used for comparison, isoferulic acid ( 11), was equally active. To determine the mechanism(s) by which these three phenylpropanoids exerted their hepatoprotective activity, we measured activities of enzymes involved in the glutathione (GSH) redox system and assayed the level of hepatic mitochondrial GSH. The GSH levels in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were significantly reduced with CCl(4) insult, but were significantly preserved by the treatment with these three phenylpropanoids. The activities of glutathione disulfide reductase and glutathione-S-transferase which normally decrease in CCl(4) -injured rat hepatocytes were significantly preserved by the treatment with these three phenylpropanoids. In addition, in CCl(4) -injured rat hepatocytes, the increased formation of malondialdehyde, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation, was reduced by the treatment with these phenylpropanoids. We determined the essential structural moiety within these three phenylpropanoids needed to exert hepatoprotective activity. The alpha,beta-unsaturated ester moiety seemed to be essential for exerting hepatoprotective activity.
10.1055/s-2002-32081
[Identification of chemical constituents in Scrophulariae Radix by HPLC-IT-TOF-MS].
Wang Jing-Zhe,Xu Feng,Liu Zhen,Ma Li-Man,Shang Ming-Ying,Liu Guang-Xue,Cai Shao-Qing
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
This experiment was performed to establish a qualitative analysis on chemical constituents of Scrophulariae Radix by HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS．The analysis was conducted on a C₁₈ column (Kromasil 100-5, 4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile as the mobile phase for gradient elution; ESI ion source was used for mass spectra, and data were collected innegative and positive modes. The results showed that 64 compounds from Scrophulariae Radix had been identified by analyzing negative ion mass data including element composition and by comparing with data from literature. Two new compounds (4-hydroxy-6-O-methylcatalpol and acetylangoroside C) and seventeen known compounds were detected from Scrophulariae Radix for the first time. Seventeen known compounds included twelve iridoid glycosides, three phenylpropanoid glycosides and two other kind compounds. This study will provide chemical basis for elucidation of the effective substance in the Scrophulariae Radix.
10.4268/cjcmm20160717
Hypouricemic effects of phenylpropanoid glycosides acteoside of Scrophularia ningpoensis on serum uric acid levels in potassium oxonate-pretreated Mice.
Huang Cai Guo,Shang Yan Jun,Zhang Jun,Zhang Jian Rong,Li Wen Jie,Jiao Bin Hua
The American journal of Chinese medicine
Phenylpropanoid glycoside acteoside was extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Scrophularia ningpoenis Hemsl. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acteoside administration on serum uric acid levels in mice rendered hyperuricemic with the uricase inhibitor potassium oxonate. When administered orally for 3 days at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, acteoside reduced serum uric acid levels by 15.2, 23.8 and 33.1%, respectively, relative to vehicle-treated hyperuricemic mice. Importantly, in non-hyperuricemic mice, the serum uric acid levels were not affected by acetoside treatment. Acteoside also inhibited mouse liver xanthine dehydrogenase XDH and xanthine oxidase XO activity at all three doses. These results suggest that the hypouricemic action of acteoside may be attributable to its inhibition of XDH/XO activity.
10.1142/S0192415X08005667
Investigation of the In Vivo Metabolism of Sibirioside A and Angoroside C in Rats by HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS.
Zhang Yi-Fan,Liu Li-Jia,Xu Feng,Shang Ming-Ying,Liu Guang-Xue,Cai Shao-Qing
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
Sibirioside A and angoroside C are two important phenylpropanoid glycosides of the traditional Chinese medicine Scrophulariae Radix. High performance liquid chromatography, coupled with an ion trap time-of-flight multistage mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization source (HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS), was applied to the profile and we identified the metabolites of sibirioside A and angoroside C in vivo in rats. A total of four metabolites of sibirioside A were identified: SM1, SM2 and SM3 which were known as new compounds. A total of 25 metabolites were detected for angoroside C: AM4, AM5, AM6, AM7, AM16, AM17, AM20, AM21, AM22, AM23 and AM25 which were identified to be new compounds. The main metabolic reactions were hydrolysis, reduction, hydroxylation, methylation, sulfation, and gluconylation. The prototype of sibirioside A was widely distributed in tissues found in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach and small intestine of rats, and mainly distributed in the stomach, small intestine, kidney and liver. But for angoroside C, nothing was found in the viscera except the stomach and small intestine. The metabolites of sibirioside A were mainly eliminated from feces, while it was urine for the metabolites of angoroside C. Furthermore, 19 metabolites were likely to have bioactivities based on the 'PharmMapper' analysis, which roughly matched the known pharmacological activities of Scrophulariae Radix (SR) and the prototypes. One of the main pharmacological activities of SR in traditional Chinese medicine is anti-diabetes, and the predicted results showed that SM1, SM2, SM3, AM2, AM4, AM5, AM6, AM9, AM10, AM11, AM12, AM13, AM15, AM18, AM19, AM24, and AM25 might be used to cure diabetes. These findings provide a reference for studying the metabolism, distribution and pharmacological actions of phenylpropanoid glycosides in vivo.
10.3390/molecules23102702
Synergistic nourishing 'Yin' effect of iridoid and phenylpropanoid glycosides from Radix Scrophulariae in vivo and in vitro.
Gong Pu-Yang,He Yu-Wei,Qi Jin,Chai Cheng-Zhi,Yu Bo-Yang
Journal of ethnopharmacology
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Radix Scrophulariae (RS), is a renowned traditional Chinese medicine used as nourishing 'Yin'. The iridoid glycosides (IG) and phenylpropanoid glycosides (PG) are main chemical constituents in RS. However, there had been no pharmacological experiment studies of synergy between IG and PG. Due to the constituents interactions, exploring their synergy profile is of great important for explaining the essence of nourishing 'Yin' efficacy of RS. AIM OF STUDY:The present study was undertaken to evaluate synergistic nourishing 'Yin' effect of IG and PG from RS in vivo and in vitro through their immunoregulation and antioxidant activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this study, IG and PG fractions in RS were isolated and identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The synergistic nourishing 'Yin' effect of two fractions were investigated in vivo and in vitro with thyroxine-induced 'Yin' deficiency (YD) mice model and primary splenic lymphocyte, respectively. The exterior syndrome signs and serologic and cellular biomarkers changes were detected. Then, the synergistic coefficient (SC) of IG and PG on every pharmacodynamics index were calculated by Webb method. RESULTS:Compared with model and mono-therapy group (IG or PG group), IG combined with PG group significantly ameliorated YD by exerting immunoregulation and antioxidant effects. Based on the SC, IG and PG possessed a synergistic effect on heart rate, average speed, upright times, spleen index, LPO, SOD, IL-6, Na-K-ATP enzyme in vivo, and cAMP/cGMP, IFN-γ/IL-10, and MDA in vitro with SC > 1. CONCLUSIONS:The nourishing 'Yin' benefits were clearly produced when IG and PG were used in combination, which provided the scientific evidence of multiple-components and multiple-approach synergistic effect of Chinese traditional herbal medicine to control and management of diseases.
10.1016/j.jep.2019.112209
Simultaneous Determination of Iridoid Glycosides, Phenylpropanoid Glycosides, Organic Acids, Nucleosides and Amino Acids in Scrophulariae Radix Processed by Different Processing Methods by HPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS.
Wang Shengnan,Wang Qin,Yin Xiaoqin,Chen Bohua,Liu Xunhong
Journal of chromatographic science
Scrophulariae Radix is one of the widely used traditional Chinese medicines. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry method was established for the simultaneous determination of multiple bioactive constituents including four iridoid glycosides, two phenylpropanoid glycosides, six organic acids, 11 nucleosides and 16 amino acids in Scrophulariae Radix. The validated method was used to analyze nine Scrophulariae Radix samples processed by different processing methods. In addition, Grey relational analysis and DTOPSIS were used to evaluate the samples according to the content of 39 ayalytes. The results showed that the quality of Scrophulariae Radix processed by cutting into slices, sun drying and "sweating" methods were better. All the results proved that the developed method was available and could be used to evaluate the quality of Scrophulariae Radix.
10.1093/chromsci/bmab056