Active components from Radix Scrophulariae inhibits the ventricular remodeling induced by hypertension in rats. Zhang Chao Chao,Gu Wei Liang,Wu Xi Min,Li Yi Ming,Chen Chang Xun,Huang Xiao Yan SpringerPlus BACKGROUND:In the previous study, active extract of Radix Scrophularia (ACRS) demonstrated beneficial effects on ventricular remodeling induced by coronary artery ligation and lowered blood pressure in rats. And ACRS also exhibited the effect on lowering the blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The aim of this study is to explore the effects of ACRS on ventricular remodeling in SHRs and underlying mechanisms. RESULTS:ACRS significantly lowered the blood pressure, decreased the heart mass indexes, inhibited the deposition of perivascular and interstitial, attenuated the accumulation of types I and III collagen, reduced the tissue angiotensin II, serum norepinephrine and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations. The underlying mechanisms may be related to downregulating the mRNA expressions of collagen type I, transforming growth factor-β1 and angiotensin converting enzyme, suppressing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK/SAPK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK). CONCLUSION:Continuous treatment of SHRs with ACRS for 21 weeks reduced blood pressure, myocardial hypertrophy and the amount of interstitial and perivascular collagen, which indicated that ACRS could prevent hypertensive ventricular remodeling. This can be attributed to suppression of the sympathetic nervous and renin angiotensin aldosterone system through the inhibition of ERK 1/2, JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. 10.1186/s40064-016-1985-z

The effect of angoroside C on pressure overload-induced ventricular remodeling in rats. Gu Wei Liang,Chen Chang Xun,Huang Xiao Yan,Gao Jian Ping Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology BACKGROUND:Our previous study reveals that total rough extract of Radix Scrophulariae has a beneficial effect on ventricular remodeling. HYPOTHESIS:After carrying out a series of preliminary experiments, we speculated that angoroside C may be the effective agent. STUDY DESIGN:After oral administration, the effect of angoroside C on ventricular remodeling was evaluated by using a pressure-overloaded rat model, some related indexes were detected in vivo. METHODS:A model of pressure overloaded ventricular remodeling was produced by abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) in rats. The sham-operated rats underwent an identical surgical procedure except for AAC. AAC rats were randomly divided into five groups: model control group, three angoroside C treated groups (7.5, 15 and 30 mg·kg(-1)) and captopril treated group (40 mg·kg(-1)). The rats were orally administered with the corresponding drugs or drinking water for 4 weeks. The levels of blood pressure (BP), left ventricular weight index (LVWI) and heart weight index (HWI) were detected. Myocardium tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin or picric acid/sirius red for cardiomyocyte cross-section area or collagen content measurements respectively. The concentrations of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ), hydroxyproline (Hyp), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in myocardium or serum were determined. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expressions of endothelin 1 (ET-1), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). RESULTS:Angoroside C significantly reduced the BP, LVWI and HWI, decreased the content of Ang Ⅱ, Hyp, diminished cross sectional area of cardiomyocytes and ameliorated collagen deposition. Additionally, it markedly reduced collagen I and III expressions and regulated matrix metalloproteinase-2, 9 and inhibitors of metalloproteinase expressions. Angoroside C also down regulated the gene expressions of ET-1 and TGF-β1mRNA in myocardium. CONCLUSION:Angoroside C has beneficial effects against ventricular remodeling. The mechanism is likely to be related to decreasing the level of Ang Ⅱ, attenuating the mRNA expressions of ET-1 and TGF-β1. 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.05.002

Effects of Chinese herb medicine Radix Scrophulariae on ventricular remodeling. Gu Wei-Liang,Chen Chang-Xun,Wu Qi,Lü Jian,Liu Ying,Zhang Shi-Jie Die Pharmazie The effects and mechanism of the extract of Radix Scrophulariae (ERS), a traditional Chinese herb, on experimental ventricular remodeling in rats was studied. Rats were separated randomly into 5 groups: sham, model, captopril (40 mg x kg(-1)) and ERS (8, 16 g x kg(-1)). The experimental ventricular remodeling was induced with ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery of the rats. The sham group was conducted the same procedure without ligation. After 4 weeks treatment with intragastric administration of the corresponding drugs, the left ventricular weight index (LVWI) and heart weight index (HWI) were determined. The concentrations of angiotensin II (Ang II) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) in myocardium were detected. Myocardium tissue was stained with HE and picric acid/Sirius red for cardiocyte cross-section area and collagen content measurements. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the gene expressions of AT1R, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 mRNA. ERS could significantly reduce the LVWI, HWI, decrease the content of Ang II, Hyp, diminish cardiocyte cross-section area and ameliorate collagen deposition. In addition, ERS could down regulate the gene expressions of AT1R, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 mRNA in myocardium. ERS has beneficial effect against ventricular remodeling. The mechanism may be related to decreasing the level of Ang II and cardiac fibrosis, modulating some gene expressions associated with cardiac hypertrophy.

Effects of ethanolic extract from Radix Scrophulariae on ventricular remodeling in rats. Huang Xiao Yan,Chen Chang Xun,Zhang Xue Mei,Liu Ying,Wu Xi Min,Li Yi Ming Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology PURPOSE:To explore the effects of ethanolic extract of Radix Scrophulariae (EERS) on ventricular remodeling in rats. METHODS:Rats with coronary artery ligation (CAL) were randomly assigned to 5 groups: CAL model; CAL plus 40 mg/kg captopril; CAL plus 60 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg, 240 mg/kg EERS. Sham operation rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups, sham-operated control and sham-operated plus 120 mg/kg EERS. The rats were orally administered with the corresponding drugs or drinking water for 14 weeks. The left ventricular weight index (LVWI) and heart weight index (HWI) were determined. Myocardium tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin or picric acid/Sirius red for cardiomyocyte cross-section area or collagen content measurements respectively. The concentrations of hydroxyproline (Hyp), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), angiotensin II (Ang II), aldosterone (ALD), endothelin 1 (ET-1), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and renin activity (RA) in myocardium or serum were determined. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), ET-1 and ANP. RESULTS:EERS could significantly reduce the LVWI and HWI, decrease heart tissue concentrations of Hyp and collagen deposition, diminish cardiomyocyte cross-section area, reduce the tissue level of Ang II, ET-1, ANP and TNF-α. EERS could also down regulate the mRNA expression of ACE, ET-1 and ANP in myocardium. CONCLUSION:EERS attenuates ventricular remodeling. The mechanisms may be related to restraining the excessive activation of RAAS, TNF-α and modulating some gene expressions associated with cardiac hypertrophy. 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.09.079