[AIP--atherogenic index of plasma as a significant predictor of cardiovascular risk: from research to practice]. Dobiásová M Vnitrni lekarstvi BACKGROUND:Various indices have been used for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a logarithmically transformed ratio of molar concentrations of triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol. The strong correlation of AIP with lipoprotein particle size may explain its high predictive value. Here we summarize data on AIP calculated in 8394 subjects from 6 population and clinical studies. RESULTS:AIP values increase with increasing CV risk. Thus umbilical cord, young children, healthy women have values below 0.1 while men and subjects with CV risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia have increasing values up to 0.4. Based on these data we suggest that AIP values of -0.3 to 0.1 are associated with low, 0.1 to 0.24 with medium and above 0.24 with high CV risk. In the population study men had higher AIP values than women. In a cohort undergoing coronary angiography AIP, in model that included age, BMI, waist circumference, type 2. DM, blood pressure, smoking, TG, TC, LDL-C, apoB, HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C, AIP was the best predictor of positive findings. AIP was also a highly sensitive marker of differences of lipoprotein profiles in families of patients with premature myocardial infarction and control families. Treatment with ciprofibrate, and combination of statin and niacin dramatically decreased AIP. Combination with hypoglycemic therapy that included pioglitazone decreased AIP in patiens with type 2. diabetes. CONCLUSIONS:AIP can be easily calculated from standard lipid profile. As a marker of lipoprotein particle size it adds predictive value beyond that of the individual lipids, and/or TC/HDL-C ratio.

Association between atherogenic index of plasma control level and incident cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism. Cardiovascular diabetology BACKGROUND:The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in participants with abnormal glucose metabolism have been linked in previous studies. However, it was unclear whether AIP control level affects the further CVD incidence among with diabetes and pre-diabetes. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the association between AIP control level with risk of CVD in individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism. METHODS:Participants with abnormal glucose metabolism were included from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. CVD was defined as self-reporting heart disease and/or stroke. Using k-means clustering analysis, AIP control level, which was the log-transformed ratio of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in molar concentration, was divided into five classes. The association between AIP control level and incident CVD among individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism was investigated multivariable logistic regression analysis and application of restricted cubic spline analysis. RESULTS:398 (14.97%) of 2,659 participants eventually progressed to CVD within 3 years. After adjusting for various confounding factors, comparing to class 1 with the best control of the AIP, the OR for class 2 with good control was 1.31 (95% CI, 0.90-1.90), the OR for class 3 with moderate control was 1.38 (95% CI, 0.99-1.93), the OR for class 4 with worse control was 1.46 (95% CI, 1.01-2.10), and the OR for class 5 with consistently high levels was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.03-2.37). In restricted cubic spline regression, the relationship between cumulative AIP index and CVD is linear. Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that the similar results were observed in the individuals with agricultural Hukou, history of smoking, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80mmHg, and normal body mass index. In addition, there was no interaction between the AIP control level and the subgroup variables. CONCLUSIONS:In middle-aged and elderly participants with abnormal glucose metabolism, constant higher AIP with worst control may have a higher incidence of CVD. Monitoring long-term AIP change will contribute to early identification of high risk of CVD among individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism. 10.1186/s12933-024-02144-y

Atherogenic Index of Plasma: Novel Predictive Biomarker for Cardiovascular Illnesses. Fernández-Macías Juan C,Ochoa-Martínez Angeles C,Varela-Silva José A,Pérez-Maldonado Iván N Archives of medical research BACKGROUND/AIM:Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most important cause of mortality globally. Nevertheless, the World Health Organization have declared that a precise and quick recognition of susceptible individuals to develop CVD is imperative to combat those illnesses. Additionally, developing countries need affordable alternatives to effectively prognosticate cardiovascular events. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess well-established clinical prognostic markers in Mexican women to identify affordable, specific, and useful tools to predict cardiovascular events. MATERIAL AND METHODS:A cross-sectional study was performed including 340 healthy women. Anthropometric and clinical measurements were acquired from all enrolled individuals. Also, a blood sample of each participant women was obtained to complete biochemical analyses (triglycerides, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol), and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein (FABP4) determinations. Finally, with anthropometric, clinical and biochemical determinations, atherogenic indices (Framingham risk score, Castelli's risk index, and atherogenic index of plasma) were estimated. RESULTS:A mean value of 6.5 ± 7.2 was detected for the Framingham risk score, 3.7 ± 1.3 for Castelli's risk index, and 0.12 ± 0.22 for the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Circulating mean ADMA and FABP4 levels found in assessed women were 0.68 ± 0.34 mmol/L and 20.3 ± 16.6 ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, strong positive relationships (p <0.05) between AIP and serum FABP4 and ADMA concentrations were detected after adjustment by traditional CVD risk factors. CONCLUSION:In conclusion, AIP could be recommended as a potential biomarker in the early diagnosis of CVD events in developing countries. 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.08.009

The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a predictor for the severity of coronary artery disease. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine Objective:Dyslipidemia is a key risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and the severity of CAD. Methods:2,491 patients were enrolled in this study and analyzed retrospectively, including 665 non-CAD patients as the control group and 1,826 CAD patients. The CAD patients were classified into three subgroups according to tertiles of SYNTAX score (SS). Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C) was defined as serum total cholesterol (TC) minus serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C), atherogenic index (AI) was defined as the ratio of non-HDL-C to HDL-C; AIP was defined as the logarithm of the ratio of the concentration of triglyceride (TG) to HDL-C; lipoprotein combine index (LCI) was defined as the ratio of TC∗TG∗ low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL)to HDL-C; Castelli Risk Index I (CRI I) was defined as the ratio of TC to HDL-C; Castelli Risk Index II (CRI II) was defined as the ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C. Results:The levels of AIP ( < 0.001), AI ( < 0.001), and LCI (= 0.013) were higher in the CAD group compared with the non-CAD group. The Spearman correlation analysis showed that AIP ( = 0.075,  < 0.001), AI ( = 0.132,  < 0.001), and LCI ( = 0.072,  = 0.001) were positively correlated with SS. The multivariate logistic regression model showed CRI I (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03-1.19,  = 0.005), CRI II (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.15-1.39,  < 0.001), AI (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.17-1.40,  < 0.001), AIP (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.38-3.07,  < 0.001), and LCI (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02,  < 0.001) were independent predictors of severity of CAD After adjusting various confounders. Conclusion:CRI I, CRI II, AIP, AI, and LCI were independent predictors of the severity of CAD, which could be used as a biomarker for the evaluation of the severity of CAD. 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1140215