Relationship between frailty, nutrition, body composition, quality of life, and gender in institutionalized older people.
Aging clinical and experimental research
Our aim was to explore the relationship between frailty, nutrition, body composition, and how gender modifies this relationship among long-term care facility residents. We further investigated how body composition correlates with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in both genders. In all, 549 residents (> 65 years of age) were recruited from 17 long-term care facilities for this cross-sectional study. Demographic information, diagnoses, use of medications, and nutritional supplements were retrieved from medical records. Participants' frailty status, cognition, nutritional status, HRQoL, and body composition were determined. Energy, protein, and fat intakes were retrieved from 1- to 2-day food diaries. The final sample consisted of 300 residents (77% women, mean age 83 years). The majority of participants, 62% of women and 63% of men, were identified as frail. Frail participants in both genders showed lower body mass index (p = 0.0013), muscle mass (MM) (p < 0.001), poorer nutritional status (p = 0.0012), cognition (p = 0.0021), and lower HRQoL (p < 0.001) than did prefrail participants. Women had higher fat mass, whereas men exhibited higher MM. The HRQoL correlated with the MM in both women, r = 0.48 [95% CI 0.38, 0.57] and men r = 0.49 [95% CI 0.38, 0.58]. Interventions aimed at strengthening and retaining MM of long-term residents may also support their HRQoL.
10.1007/s40520-022-02077-0
Identifying Target Values of Body Composition for Preventing Frailty: A Descriptive Study in Older Adults.
Tanaka Shigeharu,Jung Hungu,Tanaka Ryo
Gerontology & geriatric medicine
This study investigated the relationship between frailty and body composition and the target values for preventing frailty in body composition. Frailty status and body composition such as the percent body fat and skeletal mass index was measured. Logistic regression analysis was performed by sex. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to extract the cutoff values for body composition. The participants were 259 in females and 84 in males for 343 of which 75.5% females. Among the females, age was a significant independent variable. Percent body fat was significantly associated with frailty status in males, with a cutoff value of 27.6%. The area under the curve was significant (0.689, < 0.01, sensitivity = 0.574, specificity = 0.784). New target value of percent body fat in males for preventing frailty is identified. Findings of this study could contribute to the establishment of preventive intervention for frailty in clinical practice.
10.1177/23337214211064493
Altered body composition, sarcopenia, frailty, and their clinico-biological correlates, in Parkinson's disease.
Tan Ai Huey,Hew Yin Cheng,Lim Shen-Yang,Ramli Norlisah Mohd,Kamaruzzaman Shahrul Bahyah,Tan Maw Pin,Grossmann Mathis,Ang Ban Hong,Tan Jiun Yan,Manap Mohamad Addin Azhan A,Tay Tun Khong,Tan Siang Lyn,New Ru Peng,Fadzli Farhana,Yee Eng Jui,Moy Foong Ming,Mahadeva Sanjiv,Lang Anthony E
Parkinsonism & related disorders
INTRODUCTION:Low body weight in Parkinson's disease (PD) is poorly understood despite the associated risks of malnutrition, fractures, and death. Sarcopenia (loss of muscle bulk and strength) and frailty are geriatric syndromes that are likewise associated with adverse health outcomes, yet have received scant attention in PD. We studied body composition, sarcopenia, frailty, and their clinico-biological correlates in PD. METHODS:93 patients and 78 spousal/sibling controls underwent comprehensive assessment of diet, clinical status, muscle strength/performance, frailty, body composition (using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and serum levels of neurogastrointestinal hormones and inflammatory markers. RESULTS:PD patients were older than controls (66.0 ± 8.5 vs. 62.4 ± 8.4years, P = 0.003). Mean body mass index (24.0 ± 0.4 vs. 25.6 ± 0.5kg/m2, P = 0.016), fat mass index (7.4 ± 0.3 vs. 9.0 ± 0.3kg/m2, P<0.001), and whole-body fat percentage (30.7 ± 0.8 vs. 35.7 ± 0.9%, P<0.001) were lower in patients, even after controlling for age and gender. There were no between-group differences in skeletal muscle mass index and whole-body bone mineral density. Body composition parameters did not correlate with disease duration or motor severity. Reduced whole-body fat percentage was associated with higher risk of motor response complications as well as higher levels of insulin-growth factor-1 and inflammatory markers. PD patients had a higher prevalence of sarcopenia (17.2% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.340) and frailty (69.4% vs. 24.2%, P = 0.010). Older age and worse PD motor severity were predictors of frailty in PD. CONCLUSIONS:We found reduced body fat with relatively preserved skeletal muscle mass, and a high prevalence of frailty, in PD. Further studies are needed to understand the patho-mechanisms underlying these alterations.
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.06.020
Association Between Body Composition and Frailty in Elder Inpatients.
Clinical interventions in aging
PURPOSE:The study aimed to investigate the association between body composition and frailty in elder inpatients. PATIENTS AND METHODS:This is a cross-sectional study including 656 elder inpatients (275 females and 381 males) aged ≥65 years, from department of geriatrics of Zhejiang Hospital between January 2018 and March 2019. Sociodemographic, health-related data and anthropometric measurements were evaluated. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance analysis (BIA), mainly including skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, total body water, fat-free mass,percent body fat, basal metabolic rate. Frailty was assessed by Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Univariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between body composition and frailty. RESULTS:Frailty was present in 43.9% of the participants. Frail inpatients showed higher waist circumference, body fat mass and percent body fat, non-frail inpatients showed greater upper arm circumference, calf circumference, skeletal muscle mass, total body water, fat-free mass and basal metabolic rate. Subjects with underweight (body mass index (BMI)<18.5 kg/m; odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI)=4.146 (1.286-13.368) P=0.017) and those with high waist circumference (OR 95% CI=1.428 (0.584-3.491) P<0.001), body fat mass (OR, 95% CI=1.143 (0.892-1.315) P<0.001) presented a higher risk of frailty compared to normal subjects. Skeletal muscle mass (OR; 95% CI=0.159 (0.064-0.396) P<0.001) was a protective factor for frailty. CONCLUSION:Frailty in elder Chinese inpatients was characterized by a body composition phenotype with underweight, high waist circumference, low skeletal muscle mass and high body fat mass. Underweight, abdominal obesity and sarcopenic obesity may, therefore, be targets for intervention of frailty.
10.2147/CIA.S243211
A prospective clinical study evaluating short-term changes in body composition and quality of life after gastrectomy in elderly patients receiving postoperative exercise and nutritional therapies.
BMC surgery
BACKGROUND:Muscle mass loss after gastrectomy is associated with a negative impact on quality of life (QOL) and long-term prognosis following gastric cancer treatment, especially in elderly patients. We conducted a prospective study to examine short-term changes in body composition and QOL after gastrectomy in elderly patients with gastric cancer who received exercise and nutritional therapies. METHODS:Patients over aged 65 years of age who underwent gastrectomies for gastric cancer were enrolled in our study. Patients received exercise and nutritional therapies with branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-rich supplements during 1 month after surgery. Body composition was evaluated using InBody S10 before surgery, and at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. Other variables including QOL status (EQ-5D-5 L), serum albumin level, hand grip strength, and gait speed were evaluated at the same time. RESULTS:Eighteen patients were analyzed. The mean loss of skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was 4.6% (1 week) and 2.1% (1 month) compared to the preoperative period. QOL scores showed almost the same degree of recovery at 1 month after gastrectomy as preoperative scores. Serum albumin levels, hand grip strength, and gait speed decreased at 1 week and then increased at 1 month after surgery, similar to the changes seen in SMI. CONCLUSIONS:Multidisciplinary approaches play key role in the surgical treatment of elderly patients. Postoperative exercise and nutritional therapies with BCAA-rich supplements may benefit elderly patients after gastrectomy by reducing loss of SMI and decreases in QOL. TRIAL REGISTRATION:UMIN Clinical Trials Registry; UMIN000034374 (registration date: 10/10/2018).
10.1186/s12893-023-02086-4
Sleep-Body Composition Relationship: Roles of Sleep Behaviors in General and Abdominal Obesity in Chinese Adolescents Aged 17-22 Years.
Nutrients
This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep behaviors and body composition, which was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) among Chinese adolescents. Overall, 444 students (65.3% females, 19.12 ± 1.177 years) completed questionnaires describing sleep characteristics. Sleep characteristics were derived from subjective means. Body composition was obtained from BIA by InBody 720 (Biospace Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea). Regression models tested relationships between sleep and body composition after adjustment for covariates. Students with weekday nap duration (>30 min/d) exerted higher waist-height ratio (WHtR) ( = 0.013, FDR-corrected = 0.080). Average sleep duration (≤7 h/d) was linked to more WHtR ( = 0.016, FDR-corrected = 0.080). People with high social jetlag showed gained visceral fat area ( = 7.475), WHtR ( = 0.015), waist to hip ratio ( = 0.012), fat mass index ( = 0.663) and body fat percentage ( = 1.703) (all FDR-corrected < 0.1). Individuals with screen time before sleep (>0.5 h) exhibited higher visceral fat area ( = 7.934, FDR-corrected = 0.064), WHtR ( = 0.017, FDR-corrected = 0.080), waist to hip ratio ( = 0.016, FDR-corrected = 0.090), fat mass index ( = 0.902, FDR-corrected = 0.069) and body fat percentage ( = 2.892, FDR-corrected = 0.018). We found poor sleep characteristics were closely related to general and abdominal obesity.
10.3390/nu15194130
Influence of Body Composition and Specific Anthropometric Parameters on SIBO Type.
Nutrients
Recent observations have shown that Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)affects the host through various mechanisms. While both weight loss and obesity have been reported in the SIBO population due to alterations in the gut microbiome, very little is known about the influence of SIBO type on body composition. This study aimed to evaluate whether there is a link between the three types of SIBO: methane dominant (M+), hydrogen dominant (H+), and methane-hydrogen dominant (H+/M+) and specific anthropometric parameters. This observational study included 67 participants (W = 53, M = 14) with gastrointestinal symptoms and SIBO confirmed by lactulose hydrogen-methane breath tests (LHMBTs) using the QuinTron device. Participants underwent a body composition assessment by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) using the InBody Analyzer. In the H+/M+ group, body weight ( = 0.010), BMI ( = 0.001), body fat in kg ( = 0.009), body fat in % ( = 0.040), visceral fat ( = 0.002), and mineral bone content ( = 0.049) showed an inverse correlation with hydrogen (H) gas production. These findings suggest that body weight, BMI, body fat, and mineral bone content may be inversely linked to the production of hydrogen and the risk of hydrogen-methane SIBO.
10.3390/nu15184035
Relationship of Fat Mass Index and Fat Free Mass Index With Body Mass Index and Association With Function, Cognition and Sarcopenia in Pre-Frail Older Adults.
Merchant Reshma Aziz,Seetharaman Santhosh,Au Lydia,Wong Michael Wai Kit,Wong Beatrix Ling Ling,Tan Li Feng,Chen Matthew Zhixuan,Ng Shu Ee,Soong John Tshon Yit,Hui Richard Jor Yeong,Kwek Sing Cheer,Morley John E
Frontiers in endocrinology
Background:Body mass index (BMI) is an inadequate marker of obesity, and cannot distinguish between fat mass, fat free mass and distribution of adipose tissue. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, to assess cross-sectional relationship of BMI with fat mass index (FMI), fat free mass index (FFMI) and ratio of fat mass to fat free mass (FM/FFM). Second, to study the association of FMI, FFMI and FM/FFM with physical function including sarcopenia, and cognition in pre-frail older adults. Methods:Cross-sectional study of 191 pre-frail participants ≥ 65 years, 57.1% females. Data was collected on demographics, cognition [Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)], function, frailty, calf circumference, handgrip strength (HGS), short physical performance battery (SPPB) and gait speed. Body composition was measured using InBody S10. FMI, FFMI and FM/FFM were classified into tertiles (T1, T2, T3) with T1 classified as lowest and T3 highest tertile respectively and stratified by BMI. Results:Higher FFMI and lower FM/FFM in the high BMI group were associated with better functional outcomes. Prevalence of low muscle mass was higher in the normal BMI group. FMI and FM/FFM were significantly higher in females and FFMI in males with significant gender differences except for FFMI in ≥ 80 years old. Small calf circumference was significantly less prevalent in the highest tertile of FMI, FM/FMI and FFMI. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and low physical function (HGS, gait speed and SPPB scores) were significantly higher in the highest FMI and FM/FFM tertile. Highest FFMI tertile group had higher physical function, higher MoCA scores, lower prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenia, After adjustment, highest tertile of FFMI was associated with lower odds of sarcopenia especially in the high BMI group. Highest tertile of FM/FFM was associated with higher odds of sarcopenia. Higher BMI was associated with lower odds of sarcopenia. Conclusion:FFMI and FM/FFM may be a better predictor of functional outcomes in pre-frail older adults than BMI. Cut-off values for healthy BMI values and role of calf circumference as a screening tool for sarcopenia need to be validated in larger population. Health promotion intervention should focus on FFMI increment.
10.3389/fendo.2021.765415