Prevalence of and Trends in the Co-Existence of Obesogenic Behaviors in Adolescents From 15 Countries. Fan Hui,Zhang Xingyu Frontiers in pediatrics The global epidemic of pediatric obesity is well-known, but data on co-existence of obesogenic behaviors are limited. We aim to report the prevalence of and trends in the co-existence of obesogenic behaviors in adolescents from 15 countries. This study was based on the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003-2017 and included 121,963 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 15 countries where at least 2 cross-sectional surveys were conducted. We used sampling weights and calculated the country-level prevalence of and trends in the co-existence of obesogenic behaviors (low fruit and vegetable intake, anxiety-induced insomnia, no physical activity, and sedentary behavior) during survey years. Pooled prevalence and trend estimates were calculated with random-effects models. Pooled prevalence of exposure ≥ 1, ≥2, and ≥3 obesogenic behaviors was 88.2, 44.9, and 9.8% in the first survey and 88.4, 46.4, and 10.2% in the last survey, respectively. Plateauing, increasing, and decreasing trends in the co-existence of obesogenic behaviors were observed in different countries. Specifically, we identified a plateauing pooled trend in the exposure ≥ 1, ≥2, and ≥3 obesogenic behaviors [odds ratios (95% confidence intervals): 1.03 (0.93, 1.14), 1.05 (0.97, 1.13), and 1.06 (0.95, 1.18), respectively]. Trends in the prevalence of the co-existence of obesogenic behaviors varied significantly across different countries, but the prevalence remained high in most countries. These findings suggest the need for behavioral interventions to mitigate obesogenic behaviors in adolescents for overweight and obesity prevention. 10.3389/fped.2021.664828

Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Related to Metabolic Syndrome in College Students: A Cross-Sectional Secondary Data Analysis. Jang Insil,Kim Ji-Su International journal of environmental research and public health Early detection of metabolic syndrome (MS) in young adults can lead to decreased aggravation and help prevent diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the prevalence of MS and its components in Korean college students and was based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which used a stratified multistage probability sampling design. In total, 6.5% male and 4.1% female students had MS; of these, 26.6% of male and 25.8% of female students presented with at least one MS component. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly higher in men than in women, and all of these variables showed significant differences according to BMI. As the BMI increased, the level of each anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical variable increased. Although only a few students in Korea had three or more risk factors, the proportion of college students with one risk factor for MS was relatively high. Therefore, educational and intervention programs should be conducted in college students with overweight or obesity so that they can change their lifestyle to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. 10.3390/ijerph16193708

Nutritional intake and metabolic parameters of Japanese university students with and without obesity: Sex-specific differences. PloS one OBJECTIVE:To establish effective methods of obesity prevention among young adults, we analyzed the relationship between obesity-related food intake and metabolic factors in Japanese university students. METHODS:We performed a cross-sectional analysis of nutrient intake information and metabolic parameters among 1,206 Gifu University students categorized by body mass index. RESULTS:The overweight/obesity rate was significantly higher in males. Additionally, among males, the intake of protein, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, all lipids/fats, and all metabolic parameters including blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and blood pressure significantly differed between the obese and non-obese groups. However, the same comparison among females revealed no significant differences in nutrient intake and significant differences in only half of the parameters. Among males, energy intake from protein and fat was significantly higher in the obese group, while the percentage of total energy intake from carbohydrates and fat was lower and higher, respectively, among females in the obese group. CONCLUSIONS:Overeating of protein and fat in males and unbalanced nutrition in females are sex-specific characteristics of Japanese university students with obesity, and metabolic abnormalities in students with obesity are more remarkable in males than in females. 10.1371/journal.pone.0285088

Weight gain in Chinese youth during a 4-month COVID-19 lockdown: a retrospective observational study. Dun Yaoshan,Ripley-Gonzalez Jeffrey W,Zhou Nanjiang,You Baiyang,Li Qiuxia,Li Hui,Zhang Wenliang,Thomas Randal J,Olson Thomas P,Liu Jie,Dong Yuchen,Liu Suixin BMJ open OBJECTIVES:To observe the weight change in Chinese youth during a 4-month COVID-19 lockdown, and the association between weight change and mental health, physical activity and sedentary time changes, and dietary habits. DESIGN:A retrospective observational study. SETTINGS:Two universities located in Zhejiang and Hunan provinces, China. PARTICIPANTS:This study enrolled 12 889 college students whose body weight was measured before the lockdown (1 December 2019-20 January 2020) at the two universities, and reported their weight measured at home or community after the end of the lockdown (1-23 May 2020) via an online follow-up questionnaire. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES:The primary outcome was the weight change in Chinese youth during a 4-month lockdown resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary outcomes were the relationships of weight change to COVID-19-related stress, depression, anxiety, physical activity and sedentary time changes, and dietary habits. RESULTS:Participants' ages ranged from 17 to 27 years (=19, SD=1) with 80.2% identified as female. The average absolute and relative changes in body weight were 2.6 (95% CI 2.0 to 3.2)) kg and 4.2% (95% CI 4.0% to 4.3%) for men, and 2.1 (1.9 to 2.4) kg and 4.2% (95% CI 3.9% to 4.4%) for women. An increase in overweight and obese individuals according to Asian cut-off points as a demographic percentage by 4.5% and 2.7% and 4.8% and 3.4% in men and women, respectively (<0.001), was observed. Weight gain was significantly associated with increased sedentary time and an increase in COVID-19-related stress and depression score. CONCLUSION:The present study's results suggest that the risk of weight gain in Chinese youth during the lockdown increased and that strategies to decrease sedentary time and improve mental health may be warranted to mitigate weight gain during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052451

Prevalence of obesity and associated complications in China: A cross-sectional, real-world study in 15.8 million adults. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated complications from a large, cross-sectional, nationwide database in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Data were obtained from 519 Meinian health check-up centres across 243 cities. Eligible participants were aged ≥18 years, with a routine check-up in 2019 (N = 21 771 683) and complete height, weight, sex and region data. The unadjusted prevalence rates of overweight/obesity were calculated by age, sex and region. In addition, the nationwide prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were standardized according to the 2010 China census by age group and sex. The prevalence of obesity-related complications by body mass index (BMI) groups was calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS:There were 15 770 094 eligible participants (median age 40 years; mean BMI 24.1 kg/m ; 52.8% male). By Chinese BMI classification, 34.8% were overweight and 14.1% were obese. Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in male than female participants (standardized: overweight 40.2% vs. 27.4%; obesity 17.6% vs. 9.6%, respectively). The prevalence of assessed complications was higher in participants with overweight/obesity versus those with normal BMI (P < 0.001 for trends). The most prevalent complications in participants with overweight/obesity were fatty liver disease, prediabetes, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. The number of complications increased with higher BMI. CONCLUSIONS:Overweight/obesity and related complications are highly prevalent in this population. These data may better inform management and prevention public health strategies in China. 10.1111/dom.15238