Extraction, characterization of a Ginseng fruits polysaccharide and its immune modulating activities in rats with Lewis lung carcinoma. Wang Yingyu,Huang Miaoyi,Sun Ruilin,Pan Lei Carbohydrate polymers In this study, one polysaccharide (GFP1), with an average molecular weight of 1.4 × 10(5)Da, was isolated from Ginseng fruits. GFP1 was composed of galactose, glucose, rhamnose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 6.1:2.0:1.1:3.2, and had a backbone mainly consisting of (1 → 6)-linked-Galp, (1 → 3,6)-linked-Galp and (1 → 3,6)-linked-Glcp residues, which was terminated with terminal (1 →)-linked-Araf or -Rhap attached to O-3 position of (1 → 3,6)-linked-Galp and (1 → 3,6)-linked-Glcp. We also evaluated the effect of GFP1 on anti-tumor immune response in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-bearing mouse model and explored the possible mechanism. GPF1 could significantly inhibit tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo, increase the relative spleen and thymus weight, promote ConA or LPS-induced spleen lymphocytes proliferation, elevate the activities of NK cell in spleen, and increase the serum concentration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), as well as the ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) in LLC-bearing mice. All these findings implied that GFP1 could effectively inhibit tumor growth and lung metastasis via activating immune function and provide insights into the mechanism of GFP1 in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.070

Clinical efficacy and potential mechanism of ginseng polysaccharides in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer based on meta-analysis associated with network pharmacology. Heliyon Background:The ginseng polysaccharide injection is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine often employed as a supplementary treatment for cancer. This treatment can not only alleviate the adverse effects caused by tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy but also enhance the immune system of individuals diagnosed with lung cancer. It is important to acknowledge the efficacy of ginseng polysaccharide injection in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, these small-sample studies may have certain biases, and the underlying mechanisms of ginseng polysaccharides therapy for NSCLC are still unclear. Methods:The present study involved a systematic review of the literature on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on using ginseng polysaccharide injection as a therapeutic approach for NSCLC. Seven databases were searched for eligible studies published before April 2023. Two researchers independently managed data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and data analyses using RevMan 5.3 software. In network pharmacology, we thoroughly searched the relevant literature on ginseng polysaccharides (GPs) and the PubChem database. This search aimed to identify the main active ingredients and targets associated with ginseng polysaccharides. Subsequently, we compared these targets with those of NSCLC and utilized bioinformatics techniques to analyze and explore their potential interactions. Results:A total of 11 RCTs involving 845 patients with NSCLC were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that ginseng polysaccharide injection combined significantly improved the objective response rate [RR = 1.45, 95% CI (1.26, 1.67),  < 0.00001]. Furthermore, it was observed that ginseng polysaccharide injection increased the serum levels of CD4 T-lymphocytes (CD4 T) [MD = 8.98, 95% CI (5.18, 12.78),  < 0.00001], and decreased the serum levels of CD8 T-lymphocytes (CD8 T) [MD = -2.68, 95% CI (-4.66, -0.70),  = 0.008]. Through network pharmacology analysis, a total of 211 target genes of GPs and 81 common targets were identified. GAPDH, EGFR, VEGFA, JUN, SRC, CASP3, STAT3, CCND1, HSP90AA1, and MMP9 were identified as the core target proteins. Additionally, KEGG enrichment analysis revealed 122 relevant signaling pathways, including Pathways in cancer, PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, and Proteoglycans in cancer. Conclusion:Ginseng polysaccharide injection can improve the ORR of patients with NSCLC, increase the serum levels of CD4 T, and decrease the serum levels of CD8 T. The potential mechanism may be associated with the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27152

Antitumor activities of ginseng polysaccharide in C57BL/6 mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. Zhou Xiao,Shi Huaiyin,Jiang Gening,Zhou Yongan,Xu Jianfang Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine In the present study, we prepared ginseng polysaccharide (GP) and evaluated its antitumor and immunomodulatory activities in C57BL/6 mice bearing with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). Administration of GP (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) could not only significantly inhibit the growth of transplantable LLC tumor in C57BL/6 mice but also remarkably increase relative weight of spleen and thymus, splenocytes proliferation, and the ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T lymphocyte in peripheral blood in LLC-bearing mice. Furthermore, the serum IL-2 and IFN-γ production and NK cytolytic activity were also prompted in LLC-bearing mice in response to GP treatment at three doses. Additionally, GP showed no side effects such as weight loss in body weight and internal organs (lung, liver, kidney, and heart) as well as inactivity during the experiment. Therefore, GP might be conveniently exploited to be good immune-stimulating modifiers and had the potential value for tumor therapy. 10.1007/s13277-014-2576-7

[Experimental study of the A549 cell apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer induced by ginseng polysaccharide in vitro]. Zhao Jian-ping,Wang Yuan-yuan Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine OBJECTIVE:To study the in vitro effect of Ginseng polysaccharide on the proliferation and apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS:The apoptosis of A549 cell induced by Ginseng polysaccharide was detected by MTT method, flow cytometry, Annexin V-PI double-labeling, Hoechest luorescent staining and TUNEL. The change of bcl-2 expression after Ginseng polysaccharide treatment was observed by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS:Ginseng polysaccharide had inhibitive action on A549 cell growth, and apoptosis promoting effect as well. Its effect on cell cycle was manifested as G0/G1 phase arrest. No down-regulation of bcl-2 expression was seen. Morphological changes of apoptosis could be observed under electron microscope, Hoechst and TUNEL techniques. CONCLUSION:Ginseng polysaccharide could inhibit the growth of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell,and induce the cell apoptosis,which might be one of the anti-cancer mechanisms of Ginseng polysaccharide. The occurrence of cell apoptosis had no clear relationship with the expression of bcl-2.