Global burden of ischemic heart disease associated with high red and processed meat consumption: an analysis of 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019. BMC public health BACKGROUND:Multiple studies have indicated an association between red and processed meat consumption and the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD). In this study, we aimed to assess the burden of IHD caused by a diet high in red and processed meat in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019, using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019. METHODS:We extracted data from the GBD 2019, which included the number of deaths, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) attributed to IHD caused by a diet high in red and processed meat. We then calculated the burden of IHD attributable to a high intake of red and processed meat in each country and territory, stratified by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). RESULTS:Globally, a high intake of red meat was responsible for 351,200 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 559,000-642,700) deaths from IHD in 2019, while a high intake of processed meat was associated with 171,700 (95% UI: 30,100-320,000) deaths from IHD. Between 1990 and 2019, while the corresponding age-standardized rates declined, the numbers of deaths and DALYs increased. China had the highest number of deaths [98,386.9 (95% UI: 14,999.3-189,812.7)] caused by a high intake of red meat, while United States of America [33,129.6 (95% UI: 7,150-59,593.8)] was associated with the highest number of deaths caused by high intake of processed meat for IHD in 2019. Males experienced a greater burden of IHD caused by a high intake of red and processed meat than females. The ASMR and ASDR of IHD attributed to a high intake of red meat decreased in countries with high SDI, high-middle SDI and low SDI, while the ASMR and ASDR of IHD attributed to a high intake of processed meat decreased only in countries with high SDI and high-middle SDI. CONCLUSION:Although there is a decline in the ASMR and ASDR of IHD caused by a high intake of red and processed meat, there is also an increase in deaths and DALYs number globally. Additionally, there is a heterogeneous burden of IHD related to a high intake of red and processed meat across regions and countries, with males experiencing a greater burden than females. Implementing targeted policies and interventions is required to reduce the burden of IHD caused by a high intake of red and processed meat. 10.1186/s12889-023-16954-4

Cardiovascular diseases in pregnancy. Regitz-Zagrosek Vera,Seeland Ute,Geibel-Zehender Annette,Gohlke-Bärwolf Christa,Kruck Irmtraut,Schaefer Christof Deutsches Arzteblatt international BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular diseases arise during 0,2% to 4% of all pregnancies in the industrialized world. In Germany, this type of complication, which is sometimes lethal, affects approximately 30 000 pregnant women per year. METHODS:We performed a simple literature search in the NCBI databases for publications that appeared from 2008 to 2010 and that contained the search terms "pregnancy" and one of the following: "valvular disease," "endocarditis," "coronary heart disease," "cardiomyopathy," "hypertension," "anticoagulation." We also took consideration of the relevant international medical society guidelines and of the new database of the Pharmakovigilanz- und Beratungszentrum für Embryonaltoxikologie in Berlin (Embryotox). RESULTS:There is a rising incidence, not only of hypertension during pregnancy, but also of valvular heart disease during pregnancy. Severe valvular stenosis, particularly mitral stenosis, raises the risk of pulmonary edema and should be treated before pregnancy, by valvuloplasty or surgically. Women with high-grade valvular insufficiency and restricted left-ventricular function are at risk of heart failure. For women with mechanical heart valves, the type of anticoagulation during pregnancy must be discussed on an individual basis. Coumarin derivatives are associated with an elevated risk of hemorrhage as well as coumarin embryopathy; recent studies have shown that the latter risk is low and dose-dependent. Spontaneous dissection of the coronary arteries is best treated by catheter intervention with the implantation of a bare metal stent. CONCLUSION:Women of child-bearing age who are at risk for, or already have, cardiovascular disease should receive early counseling and treatment, not just from their family physician, but from an interdisciplinary team composed of gynecologists, cardiologists, and, if necessary, cardiac surgeons. 10.3238/arztebl.2011.0267

Pulmonary Hypertension in Women. Franco Veronica,Ryan John J,McLaughlin Vallerie V Heart failure clinics Prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is higher in women, and the mechanism remains unclear. Prognosis is overall better for female compared with male patients with PAH. Pregnancy is associated with significant risk, mortality, and morbidity in patients with PAH; consensus guidelines recommend against pregnancy and counsel about early termination in these patients. Recent advances in treatment showed improvement in prognosis in small case reports of pregnant patients with PAH, particularly with the early use of parental prostacyclin. Education remains fundamental for women with PAH of childbearing age for pregnancy prevention as well as discussion about birth control methods. 10.1016/j.hfc.2018.08.013