Integrated proteomic analysis reveals interactions between phosphorylation and ubiquitination in rose response to infection. Horticulture research As two of the most abundant post-translational modifications, phosphorylation and ubiquitination play a significant role in modulating plant-pathogen interactions and increasing evidence indicates their crosstalk in plant immunity. Rose ( sp.) is one of the most important ornamental plants and can be seriously infected by . Here, integrated proteomics analysis was performed to detect global proteome, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination changes in rose upon infection and investigate the possible phosphorylation and ubiquitination crosstalk. A total of 6165 proteins, 11 774 phosphorylation and 10 582 ubiquitination sites, and 77 phosphorylation and 13 ubiquitination motifs were identified. infection resulted in 169 up-regulated and 122 down-regulated proteins, 291 up-regulated and 404 down-regulated phosphorylation sites, and 250 up-regulated and 634 down-regulated ubiquitination sites. There were 12 up-regulated PR10 proteins and half of them also showed reduced ubiquitination. A lot of kinases probably involved in plant pattern-triggered immunity signaling were up-regulated phosphoproteins. Noticeably, numerous kinases and ubiquitination-related proteins also showed a significant change in ubiquitination and phosphorylation, respectively. A cross-comparison of phosphoproteome and ubiquitylome indicated that both of two post-translational modifications of 104 proteins were dynamically regulated, and many putative pattern-triggered immunity signaling components in the plant plasma membrane were co-regulated. Moreover, five selected proteins, including four PR10 proteins and a plasma membrane aquaporin, were proven to be involved in rose resistance to . Our study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying rose resistance to and also increases the database of phosphorylation and ubiquitination sites in plants. 10.1093/hr/uhad238