Studying Neutrophil Function in vitro: Cell Models and Environmental Factors.
Blanter Marfa,Gouwy Mieke,Struyf Sofie
Journal of inflammation research
Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cell type in the blood and constitute the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Despite their important role in many diseases, they are challenging to study due to their short life span and the inability to cryopreserve or expand them in vitro. Thus, research into neutrophils has to rely on cells freshly isolated from peripheral blood of human donors, introducing donor-dependent variation in the experimental data. To counteract these problems, researchers tried to develop adequate cell models, such as cell lines. For those functional studies that cannot rely on cell models, a standardization of protocols regarding neutrophil purification and culturing could be a solution. In this review, we provide an overview of the most commonly used models for neutrophil function (HL-60, PLB-985, NB4, Kasumi-1 and induced pluripotent stem cells). In addition, we describe the effects of glucose concentration, pH, oxygen tension and temperature on neutrophil function.
10.2147/JIR.S284941
Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation.
Kolaczkowska Elzbieta,Kubes Paul
Nature reviews. Immunology
Neutrophils have traditionally been thought of as simple foot soldiers of the innate immune system with a restricted set of pro-inflammatory functions. More recently, it has become apparent that neutrophils are, in fact, complex cells capable of a vast array of specialized functions. Although neutrophils are undoubtedly major effectors of acute inflammation, several lines of evidence indicate that they also contribute to chronic inflammatory conditions and adaptive immune responses. Here, we discuss the key features of the life of a neutrophil, from its release from bone marrow to its death. We discuss the possible existence of different neutrophil subsets and their putative anti-inflammatory roles. We focus on how neutrophils are recruited to infected or injured tissues and describe differences in neutrophil recruitment between different tissues. Finally, we explain the mechanisms that are used by neutrophils to promote protective or pathological immune responses at different sites.
10.1038/nri3399
Effect of NPC 15669, an inhibitor of neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil-mediated inflammation, on neutrophil function in vitro.
Pou S,Gunther M R,Pou W S,Cao G L,Bator J M,Cohen M S,Burch R M,Rosen G M
Biochemical pharmacology
The new anti-inflammatory agent N-[9H-(2,7-dimethylfluorenyl-9-methoxy)carbonyl]-L-leucine (NPC 15669) inhibits inflammation in several animal models dependent upon neutrophil activation and recruitment into the inflammatory lesion. NPC 15669 appears to elicit its pharmacological action by inhibiting the cell surface expression of CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) on the neutrophil and subsequent adhesion of the neutrophil to the vascular endothelium. The current study sought to further characterize the action of NPC 15669 on neutrophil function. In the range of 1-100 microM, this fluorene enhanced superoxide production in a concentration-dependent fashion. Using spin trapping/ESR spectroscopy, NPC 15669 was found to inhibit myeloperoxidase (MPO)-dependent hydroxyl radical primarily by scavenging hypochlorous acid, and secondarily by inhibiting agonist-stimulated degranulation as assessed by MPO and elastase release. These studies demonstrated that NPC 15669, in addition to inhibiting adhesion, alters other neutrophil functions. Whether the pharmacological activities described for NPC 15669 resulted directly from changes in Mac-1 expression or through some other mechanism is currently under investigation.
10.1016/0006-2952(93)90025-r
Neutrophils as protagonists and targets in chronic inflammation.
Soehnlein Oliver,Steffens Sabine,Hidalgo Andrés,Weber Christian
Nature reviews. Immunology
Traditionally, neutrophils have been acknowledged to be the first immune cells that are recruited to an inflamed tissue and have mainly been considered in the context of acute inflammation. By contrast, their importance during chronic inflammation has been studied in less depth. This Review aims to summarize our current understanding of the roles of neutrophils in chronic inflammation, with a focus on how they communicate with other immune and non-immune cells within tissues. We also scrutinize the roles of neutrophils in wound healing and the resolution of inflammation, and finally, we outline emerging therapeutic strategies that target neutrophils.
10.1038/nri.2017.10